Data Abstraction and function overriding in Python programming | Hands On Coding

Data Abstraction

• Abstraction means Data hiding ,in other word we can say that in this type of programming essential data is shown to the user or outside class and unessential data is hidden.
• When we create an application then there are many elements are included but using Data Abstraction we can show that we want and we can hide that we don't want.
• In Python if we want to perform data hiding then it can be done by using double underscore(__) prefix with variables or functions then they can not be accessed outside that function.

Normal Example

#defining base class
class Test1:
    x=10
    y=20
    def myFun1(self):
        print("This is function1")
class Test2(Test1):
    def myFun2(self):
        print("This is function2")
        #Calling base class function and variable
        print(self.x)
        self.myFun1()
#creating object
obj=Test2()
obj.myFun2()
"""
***Output***
This is function2
10
This is function1
"""
 

Example With Data Hiding

 #defining base class
class Test1:
    #Adding double underscore
    __x=10
    y=20
    def myFun1(self):
        print("This is function1")
class Test2(Test1):
    def myFun2(self):
        print("This is function2")
        #Calling base class function and variable
        print(self.x)
        self.myFun1()
#creating object
obj=Test2()
obj.myFun2()
"""
***Output***
This is function2
Traceback (most recent call last):
AttributeError: 'Test2' object has no attribute 'x'
"""
 

Function Overriding

• Function with same name and same parameters is called function overriding.
• It is not possible to make two function with same name and same parameters in a single class so we use two class.

 

#defining base class
class Test1:
    def myFun(self):
        print("Base class Function")
#defining derived class
class Test2(Test1):
    #override base class myFun
    def myFun(self):
        print("Derived class Function")
#creating object
obj=Test2()
obj.myFun()
"""
***Output***
Derived class Function
"""
 

• Here Test 1 is Base class and Test2 is derived class,both classes contain a function myFun().
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