Switch Statement in C programming with examples

Switch statement allows us to execute one statement from many statement and that statements are called case. Actually in switch statement, inside the body of switch a number of cases are used and a parameter are passed and from which case this parameter is matched, executed

Syntax

1.In the switch statement a value/number is passed in the place of parameter and that case will execute which is equal to that value/number.

2.If no case matched with parameter then default case will execute.

Example 1 

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
//Assigning parameter's value
int p=2;
switch(p)
{
case 1:
printf("it is case 1");
break;
case 2:
printf("it is case 2");
break;
case 3:
printf("it is case 3");
break;
default:
printf("no case matched");
}
return 0;
}
### output ###
it is case 2
//because p=2 so case 2 will execute

Example 2 

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
//Assigning parameter's value
int p=5;
switch(p)
{
case 1:
printf("it is case 1");
break;
case 2:
printf("it is case 2");
break;
case 3:
printf("it is case 3");
break;
default:
printf("no case matched");
}
return 0;
}
/*
### output ###
no case matched
because value of p is 5 and it will not match with any case
so default case will execute
*/

Example 3 

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
//Assigning parameter's value
int p=5;
switch(p)
{
case 1:
printf("Hello");
break;
case 2:
printf("Hi");
break;
case 3:
printf("Tata");
break;
case 2+1:
printf("Bye");
break;
default:
printf("no case matched");
}
return 0;
}
/*
### output ###
Error
*/

Duplicate case are not allowed in switch statement and here case 3 and case 2+1 are duplicate of each other.

Example 4 

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
//Assigning parameter's value
int p=2;
switch(p)
{
case 1:
printf("Hello");
break;
case 2:
printf("Hi");

case 3:
printf("Tata");
break;
case 4:
printf("Bye");
break;
default:
printf("no case matched");
}
return 0;
}
/*
### output ###
HiTata
*/

If we remove break from any case then the next case will execute automatically so here value of parameter is 2 and it will match with case so Hi will print but there is no break after case 2 so here case 3 will also execute and it will print Tata so the final output is HiTata.

Example 5 

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
//Assigning parameter's value
int p=3;
switch(p)
{
default:
printf("no case matched");
case 1:
printf("Hello");
break;
case 2:
printf("Hi");
break;
case 3:
printf("Tata");
break;
case 4:
printf("Bye");
break;
}
return 0;
}
/*
### output ###
Tata
*/

default case can be write anywhere in the body of switch but it will execute when no case matched.

Program: Check given Alphabet is Vowel or Consonant

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
//variable declaration
char ch;
printf("Enter any alphabet\n");
scanf("%c",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 'A':
case 'E':
case 'I':
case 'O':
case 'U':
case 'a':
case 'e':
case 'i':
case 'o':
case 'u':
	printf("Vowel");
	break;
default:
	printf("Consonant");
}
return 0;
}
/*
### output ###
Enter any alphabet
M
Consonant
*/

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